Fully-dynamic all-pairs shortest paths: Improved worst-case time and space bounds

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Given a directed weighted graph G = (V, E) undergoing vertex insertions and deletions, the All-Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem asks to maintain a data structure that processes updates efficiently and returns after each update the distance matrix to the current version of G. In two breakthrough results, Italiano and Demetrescu [STOC'03] presented an algorithm that requires Õ(n2) amortized update time, and Thorup showed in [STOC'05] that worst-case update time Õ(n2+3/4) can be achieved. In this article, we make substantial progress on the problem. We present the following new results: • We present the first deterministic data structure that breaks the Õ(n2+3/4) worst-case update time bound by Thorup which has been standing for almost 15 years. We improve the worst-case update time to Õ(n2+5/7) = Õ(n2.71..) and to Õ(n2+3/5) = Õ(n2.6) for unweighted graphs. • We present a simple deterministic algorithm with Õ(n2+3/4) worst-case update time (Õ(n2+2/3) for unweighted graphs), and a simple Las-Vegas algorithm with worst-case update time Õ(n2+2/3) (Õ(n2+1/2) for unweighted graphs) that works against a non-oblivious adversary. Both data structures require space Õ(n2). These are the first exact dynamic algorithms with truly-subcubic update time and space usage. This makes significant progress on an open question posed in multiple articles [COCOON'01, STOC'03, ICALP'04, Encyclopedia of Algorithms'08] and is critical to algorithms in practice [TALG'06] where large space usage is prohibitive. Moreover, they match the worst-case update time of the best previous algorithms and the second algorithm improves upon a Monte-Carlo algorithm in a weaker adversary model with the same running time [SODA'17].

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication31st Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2020
EditorsShuchi Chawla
PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery
Publication date2020
Pages2562-2574
ISBN (Electronic)9781611975994
Publication statusPublished - 2020
Event31st Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2020 - Salt Lake City, United States
Duration: 5 Jan 20208 Jan 2020

Conference

Conference31st Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2020
LandUnited States
BySalt Lake City
Periode05/01/202008/01/2020
SponsorACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT), SIAM Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics

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