Plasma branched-chain amino acids are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion in non-diabetic Chinese adults
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Plasma branched-chain amino acids are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion in non-diabetic Chinese adults. / Ding, Cherlyn; Egli, Leonie; Bosco, Nabil; Sun, Lijuan; Goh, Hui Jen; Yeo, Khung Keong; Yap, Jonathan Jiunn Liang; Actis-Goretta, Lucas; Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing; Magkos, Faidon.
I: Frontiers in Nutrition, Bind 8, 664939, 2021.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma branched-chain amino acids are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion in non-diabetic Chinese adults
AU - Ding, Cherlyn
AU - Egli, Leonie
AU - Bosco, Nabil
AU - Sun, Lijuan
AU - Goh, Hui Jen
AU - Yeo, Khung Keong
AU - Yap, Jonathan Jiunn Liang
AU - Actis-Goretta, Lucas
AU - Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing
AU - Magkos, Faidon
N1 - Copyright © 2021 Ding, Egli, Bosco, Sun, Goh, Yeo, Yap, Actis-Goretta, Leow and Magkos.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide. Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = -0.29/-0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7-10%) and insulin (by 74-98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34-53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41-49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17-22%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
AB - Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide. Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = -0.29/-0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7-10%) and insulin (by 74-98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34-53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41-49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17-22%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - BCAA
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Insulin metabolism
KW - Glucose homeostasis
KW - Insulin clearance
U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2021.664939
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2021.664939
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33996878
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
SN - 2296-861X
M1 - 664939
ER -
ID: 269507146