Machine Reading, Fast and Slow: When Do Models “Understand” Language?

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Two of the most fundamental issues in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) at present are: (a) how it can established whether deep learning-based models score highly on NLU benchmarks for the ”right” reasons; and (b) what those reasons would even be. We investigate the behavior of reading comprehension models with respect to two linguistic ”skills”: coreference resolution and comparison. We propose a definition for the reasoning steps expected from a system that would be ”reading slowly”, and compare that with the behavior of five models of the BERT family of various sizes, observed through saliency scores and counterfactual explanations. We find that for comparison (but not coreference) the systems based on larger encoders are more likely to rely on the ”right” information, but even they struggle with generalization, suggesting that they still learn specific lexical patterns rather than the general principles of comparison.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
PublisherAssociation for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Publication date2022
Pages78–93
Publication statusPublished - 2022
EventTHE 29TH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
- Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
Duration: 12 Oct 202217 Oct 2022

Conference

ConferenceTHE 29TH
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
LocationGyeongju, Republic of Korea
Periode12/10/202217/10/2022

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