Why Users Hack: Conflicting Interests and the Political Economy of Software

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

It is often assumed that the interests of users and developers coincide, sharing a common goal of good design. Yet users often desire functionality that goes beyond what designers, and the organisations they work in, are willing to supply. Analysing online forums, complemented with interviews, we document how users, hackers and software developers worked together to discover and apply system exploits in hardware and software. We cover four cases: users of CPAP breathing assistance machines getting access to their own sleep data, 'hacking' the Nintendo switch game console to run non-authorised software, end-users building their own insulin supply system, and farmers repairing their own agriculture equipment against suppliers terms and conditions. We propose the concept of the 'gulf of interests' to understand how differing interests can create conflicts between end-users, designers, and the organisations they work in. This points us in the direction of researching further the political and economic situations of technology development and use.

Original languageEnglish
Article number354
JournalProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Volume6
Issue number2 CSCW
ISSN2573-0142
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 ACM.

    Research areas

  • conflict, end-user development, hacking, politics of design

ID: 339347083